A House in Multiple Occupation is defined as a property let to three or more unrelated tenants who share facilities such as a kitchen or bathroom. All HMOs are subject to the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 for communal areas, and the Housing Act 2004 for the overall property fire safety requirements.
For mandatory HMO licensing — which applies to properties of five or more tenants in two or more households — a valid fire risk assessment is a core licensing condition. Many local authorities also apply additional licensing schemes requiring fire risk assessments for smaller HMOs.
"A fire risk assessment is required for all Houses in Multiple Occupation under both the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 and the Housing Act 2004."
The 2025 British Standard BS 9792:2025 sets the current benchmark for fire risk assessments in sleeping accommodation including HMOs. Local authority licensing officers inspect against this standard.
Fire hazard identification — means of escape evaluation — fire detection and alarm systems — fire door condition and compliance — emergency lighting — fire suppression equipment — sleeping risk assessment — written report with prioritised action plan.